Hip pain and mobility problems are common among adults, especially those in their 30s to 50s. One possible cause is hip avascular necrosis, a condition that affects the blood supply to the hip joint. Left untreated, it can lead to joint damage, reduced mobility, and significant discomfort. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.
What Is Hip Avascular Necrosis?
Hip avascular necrosis, also known as osteonecrosis of the hip, occurs when the blood flow to the hip bone is reduced or completely blocked. Without adequate blood supply, the bone tissue weakens and dies over time. This can cause the bone to collapse, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited movement in the hip joint.
What Causes Hip Avascular Necrosis
Factors that can disrupt blood supply to the hip bone:
Long-term steroid use: Corticosteroids taken for conditions like asthma or arthritis can interfere with blood flow over time
Alcohol consumption: Heavy drinking can damage blood vessels and reduce circulation to bone tissue
Hip injuries or fractures: Trauma can directly damage blood vessels supplying the hip joint
Medical conditions: Conditions such as sickle cell disease, lupus, or blood clotting disorders can affect circulation
Symptoms of Hip Avascular Necrosis
Groin pain that worsens with activity: Pain typically starts in the groin area and may extend to the thigh or buttock
Stiffness and reduced range of motion: Moving the hip becomes increasingly difficult, particularly with rotation
Limping or altered walking pattern: Patients often develop a noticeable limp to avoid putting weight on the affected hip
Pain at rest in later stages: As the condition progresses, pain may occur even when not moving
Hip Avascular Necrosis Treatment in Singapore
Treatment for hip avascular necrosis (also known as osteonecrosis) depends on the stage of the condition, the extent of bone damage, and the patient’s overall health and activity level. Both non-surgical and surgical options are available to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and restore hip function.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
- Medications: Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to reduce discomfort and swelling. In some cases, bisphosphonates are considered to help slow bone damage.
- Walking Aids: Using crutches, a cane, or a walker can reduce the amount of weight placed on the affected hip, helping relieve pain and limit further joint stress.
Surgical Treatment Approaches
- Core Decompression: This procedure is typically performed in the early stages, before the femoral head collapses. A small hole is drilled into the bone to relieve pressure and stimulate new blood vessel growth. In some cases, this may be combined with stem cell therapy to encourage bone healing.
- Bone Grafting: Healthy bone tissue, either from another part of the patient’s body or from a donor, is transplanted into the affected area. This helps support the bone structure, restore blood supply, and promote new bone growth. Bone grafting is often combined with core decompression.
- Total Hip Replacement: If the femoral head has collapsed or there is significant hip arthritis, replacing the damaged hip joint with artificial components may be necessary. Total hip replacement can relieve pain, improve mobility, and restore quality of life.
- Osteotomy: In selected cases, the femur (thigh bone) may be cut and repositioned to redistribute weight to the healthier part of the hip joint. This can help relieve pain and delay the need for joint replacement in certain patients.
Factors Affecting Treatment Choice
The choice of treatment depends on several important factors assessed by an orthopaedic specialist in Singapore:
Stage of bone damage: Earlier stages may be managed with less invasive treatments, whilst later stages typically require surgery
Patient age and activity level: Younger, more active patients may be candidates for joint-preserving procedures when appropriate
Overall health status: Medical conditions and medications can affect healing and surgical suitability
Bilateral involvement: When both hips are affected, treatment planning becomes more complex
When to See An Orthopaedic Specialist in Singapore
If you experience ongoing groin pain, stiffness, or difficulty walking, it is important to seek medical attention. You should consult an orthopaedic or hip specialist if:
- Your hip pain persists despite rest or basic treatment
- You have difficulty moving your hip or walking normally
- You have a known risk factor, such as long-term steroid use, excessive alcohol intake, or a previous hip injury
- You are concerned about your hip symptoms and want a proper diagnosis
Conclusion
Hip avascular necrosis is a serious condition that can affect mobility and quality of life if left untreated. Early diagnosis and the right treatment can help protect your hip joint and prevent further damage. If you are experiencing persistent hip pain or mobility issues, schedule a consultation with our orthopaedic surgeon in Singapore to explore your treatment options.
